Abbreviations AAV: Adeno-associated viral ACE-2: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 Ac-SOD2: Acetyl-superoxide dismutase 2 AD: Alzheimers disease Akt: Protein kinase B ALD: Alcoholic liver disease ALS: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase AP-1: Activator protein 1 APAF1: Apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1 ARF1: ADP-ribosylation factor 1 -syn: -Synuclein protein ATF-2: Activating transcription factor-2 ATG9 A: Autophagy essential proteins autophagy-related 9A ATM: Ataxia telangiectasia mutated ATP: Adenosine triphosphate A: Amyloid BNIP3: Adenovirus E1B 19 kDa interacting protein 3 BNIP3L: BNIP3-like BOK: B cell lymphoma 2 ovarian killer BAX: BCL-2 associated protein X BAK: BCL-2 antagonist killer BCL-2: B cell lymphoma-2 BCL2L13: BCL-2-like protein 13 BDNF: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor BH3: BCL-2 homology 3 IIPKC: II isoform of protein kinase C cAMP: Cyclic adenosine monophosphate CAMK: Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase CAFs: Cancer-associated fibroblasts CARPs: Cationic arginine-rich peptides cDC1: Type 1 conventional DC cDC2: Type 2 conventional DC CK2: Casein kinase 2 COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019 COX: Cyclo-oxygenase CPT1 A: Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A CREB: CAMP response element-binding protein CSCs: Cancer stem cells Cyt: Cytochrome CVDs: Cardiovascular diseases DAMPs: Damage-associated molecular patterns DCs: Dendritic cells DdCBEs: DddA-derived cytosine base editors Drp1: Dynamin-related protein 1 m: Mitochondrial membrane potential ECs: Endothelial cells eNOS: Endothelial NO synthase ER: Endoplasmic reticulum ERAD: Endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation ERR: Estrogen-related receptor ETC: Electron transport chain FADH2: Flavin adenine dinucleotide FAK: Focal adhesion kinase FAO: Fatty acid oxidation FH: Fumarate hydratase Fis1: Fission 1 FKBP8: FK506 binding protein 8 FDA: Food and Drug Administration FIP200: 200KD FAK family kinase-interacting protein FUNDC1: FUN14 domain containing 1 GLUT4: Glucose transporter 4 GSDMD: Gasdermin D GSIS: Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion hAFScs: Human amniotic fluid-derived stem cells HBV: Hepatitis B virus HCV: Hepatitis C virus HD: Huntingtons disease HIF: Hypoxia-inducible factor HSP: Heavy strand promoter HTRA2: High-temperature demand protein A2 Hsp60: The 60 kDa heat shock protein IDH2: Isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 IFN: Interferon IL: Interleukin IMM: Inner mitochondrial membrane IMS: Intermembrane space IR: Insulin resistance ISCs: Intestinal stem cells JNK: Jun N-terminal kinase KLF-1: Krppel-like factor-1 KSS: Kearns-Sayre syndrome LC3: Light chain 3 LDL: Low-density lipoprotein LHON: Leber hereditary optic neuropathy LIR: LC3 interaction region L-OPA1: Long OPA1 LRP1: Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 LRRK2: Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 LSP: Light strand promoter MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase MARCH5: Membrane-associated RING Finger protein 5 MASLD: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease MCU: Mitochondrial calcium uniporter Mdivi-1: Mitochondrial division inhibitor-1 MDV: Mitochondria-derived vesicles MEF2: The myocyte enhancer factor 2 Mff: Mitochondrial fission factor MiD: Mitochondrial dynamics protein Mfn1: Mitofusin 1 Mfn2: Mitofusin 2 MIPS: Mitochondrial information processing system Miro: Mitochondrial Rho GTPase Mitophagy: Mitochondrial autophagy MitoQ: Mitoquinone mitoRE: Mitochondrial targeted restriction endonuclease mitoTALEN: Mitochondrial targeted transcriptional activator-like effector nuclease MLKL: Mixed lineage kinase domain-like MOTS-c: The mitochondrial open reading frame of 12S rRNA-c mPTP: Mitochondrial permeability transition pore MPTP: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine MSCs: Mesenchymal stem cells mtDNA: Mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid mTOR: Mechanistic target of rapamycin mtROS: Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species MT-TL1: Mitochondrial tRNA leucine 1 mtZFN: Mitochondrial targeted zinc finger nuclease MT: Mitochondrial transplantation NAD+ : Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NADH: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease NASH: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis NCLX: Na + /Ca 2+ exchanger ND: NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain nDNA: Nuclear DNA NDP52: Nuclear dot protein 52 NFE2L2: Nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 NF-B: Nuclear factor-B NFTs: Neurofibrillary tangles NIX: Nip3-like protein X NLRP3: NOD-like receptor protein 3 NMN: Nicotinamide mononucleotide NO: Nitric oxide NRF1: Nuclear respiratory factors 1 NRF2: Nuclear respiratory factors 2 NURR1: Nuclear receptor-related 1 OPA1: Optic atrophy protein 1 OPTN: Optineurin OMM: Outer mitochondrial membrane oxLDL: Oxidized LDL OXPHOS: Oxidative phosphorylation PAMP: Pathogen-associated molecular patterns PD: Parkinsons disease PD-L1: Programmed death-ligand 1 PEP: CSTSMLKAC PGAM5: Phosphoglycerate mutase 5 PGC-1: PPAR coactivator-1alpha PHB2: Prohibitin 2 PINK1: PTEN induced putative kinase 1 PI3K: Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase PKA: cAMP-protein kinase A POLG: Polymerase gamma PRC: PPAR-related coactivator 1 PRKA: Protein kinase cAMP-activated PRRs: Pattern-recognition receptors PPAR: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor PTEN: Phosphatase and tensin homolog RG-PGC-1: PGC-1 reference gene RIPK: Receptor-interacting protein kinase ROS: Reactive oxygen species RsDdCBE: RsDddA-derived cytosine base editor RsDddA: DddAtox homolog from Ruminococcus sp
In vegetable capsules
Gut Dysbiosis: 20% of the active T3 is formed in the gut
J., Ding, Z., Kwok, R., Lee, P., Radda, G
Using BPC-157 to support tissue repair while corticosteroids manage acute flares could accelerate healing
Then came the PT-141 peptide (aka peptide for libido), and everything changed
